Lorazepam

Lorazepam is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It works on your brain and nervous system to produce a calming effect. Doctors prescribe it to treat anxiety disorders and other conditions that cause excessive worry or tension.

This medication is also known by the brand name Ativan. It comes in tablet form and as an injectable solution for hospital use. Lorazepam is a controlled substance because it has potential for dependence, meaning your body can become used to it over time.

You need a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to get lorazepam. Your doctor will determine if this medication is right for your specific situation. Never share lorazepam with others, even if they have similar symptoms.

• Treatment of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder
• Short-term relief of anxiety symptoms or anxiety related to depression
• Management of panic attacks and panic disorder
• Treatment of insomnia related to anxiety or stress
• Preoperative sedation to reduce anxiety before surgery
• Management of seizures in hospital settings
• Relief of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy when combined with other medications

Lorazepam works by increasing the activity of a natural chemical in your brain called GABA, which stands for gamma-aminobutyric acid. GABA is a neurotransmitter that sends messages between brain cells. When GABA levels increase, it slows down activity in your nervous system and creates a calming effect.

This calming action helps reduce feelings of anxiety, tension, and nervousness. It also relaxes your muscles and can make you feel sleepy. Lorazepam works quickly, usually within 30 to 60 minutes after you take it. The effects typically last 6 to 8 hours, making it useful for both immediate relief and ongoing management of anxiety symptoms.

Typical doses for adults range from 0.5 mg to 2 mg taken 2 to 3 times daily. The maximum daily dose is usually 10 mg. Your doctor will start you on the lowest effective dose and adjust based on your response. For anxiety, doses typically range from 2 mg to 6 mg per day divided into multiple doses. For insomnia, a single bedtime dose of 2 mg to 4 mg is common. Your healthcare provider will determine your specific dose based on your condition, age, and other factors. Never adjust your dose without consulting your doctor first.

• Drowsiness and sedation
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unsteadiness or coordination problems
• Memory problems or difficulty concentrating
• Headache
• Blurred vision
• Sleep disturbances or changes in sleep patterns
• Nausea or changes in appetite

Serious side effects require immediate medical attention. These include severe drowsiness, slow or shallow breathing, confusion, mood changes, depression, thoughts of self-harm, hallucinations, or unusual behavior. Allergic reactions with rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing also require emergency care. Long-term use can lead to physical dependence. Stopping suddenly after prolonged use may cause withdrawal symptoms including seizures.

• Opioid pain medications like oxycodone or hydrocodone increase risk of severe sedation and breathing problems
• Alcohol increases drowsiness and can cause dangerous slowing of breathing
• Other sedatives including sleeping pills, muscle relaxants, and other benzodiazepines
• Antihistamines like diphenhydramine can increase drowsiness
• Antidepressants and antipsychotic medications may interact with lorazepam
• Probenecid can increase lorazepam levels in your blood
• Valproate can increase lorazepam levels and effects
• Birth control pills may slow down how your body processes lorazepam
• Avoid grapefruit juice as it may affect how lorazepam works
• Tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you take

Regular monitoring of liver function is important when taking lorazepam, especially during long-term use. Your liver breaks down this medication, so checking liver enzymes helps ensure your liver is working properly. Blood tests measuring ALT and AST levels can detect early signs of liver problems. Your doctor may also monitor your kidney function with creatinine tests, particularly if you are older or have existing kidney issues. Some healthcare providers check blood counts periodically during extended treatment. If you take lorazepam long-term, your doctor should regularly assess whether you still need the medication and evaluate for signs of dependence or tolerance.