Acute Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

Most healthy people recover from acute CMV infection within 2 to 4 weeks. However, fatigue and weakness may continue for several weeks or even months after other symptoms resolve. The virus remains dormant in your body for life after the initial infection. In people with weakened immune systems, the infection may last longer and require treatment with antiviral medications.

There is no cure that completely removes CMV from the body. Once you are infected, the virus stays dormant in your cells for life. However, your immune system usually keeps the virus under control, and it causes no problems for most people. Antiviral medications can treat active infections and reduce symptoms, but they do not eliminate the virus permanently.

Yes, CMV is contagious and spreads through close contact with body fluids. You can spread the virus through saliva, blood, urine, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The virus can be transmitted even when you have no symptoms. People with active infection should avoid close contact with pregnant women, newborns, and anyone with a weakened immune system.

CMV symptoms often look very similar to flu or mononucleosis. The main difference is that CMV symptoms may last longer, sometimes several weeks. A blood test is the only way to know for sure if you have CMV infection. Your doctor can order a Cytomegalovirus Antibody IgM test to detect recent infection.

Yes, CMV can be serious during pregnancy because it can pass from mother to baby. Babies infected before birth may develop hearing loss, vision problems, or developmental delays. Pregnant women who work with young children are at higher risk of exposure. If you are pregnant or planning pregnancy, talk to your doctor about CMV testing and prevention strategies.

Focus on nutrient-dense whole foods that support your immune system during recovery. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins C and D. Include protein sources like fish, eggs, and lean meats to help your body heal. Stay hydrated with water, herbal teas, and broths. Avoid processed foods and excess sugar, which may weaken immune function.

See a doctor if you have fever lasting more than a week, severe fatigue, or swollen glands that do not improve. Seek immediate care if you have vision changes, difficulty breathing, or severe abdominal pain. People with weakened immune systems should contact their doctor right away if they suspect CMV infection. Pregnant women who think they may have been exposed to CMV should also consult their healthcare provider promptly.

Yes, CMV can reactivate from its dormant state, especially when your immune system is weakened. This may happen during illness, stress, or with certain medications that suppress immunity. Organ transplant recipients and people with HIV are at highest risk for reactivation. Most healthy people never experience reactivation because their immune system keeps the virus suppressed.

Practice good hygiene by washing your hands frequently, especially after touching body fluids. Avoid sharing eating utensils, drinking glasses, or toothbrushes with others. Do not kiss others on the mouth during active infection. Use condoms during sexual activity to reduce transmission risk. These precautions are especially important around pregnant women, babies, and people with weakened immune systems.

For most healthy people, CMV does not cause long-term immune system problems. Your immune system learns to control the virus and keeps it dormant. However, some research suggests CMV may contribute to immune aging over many decades. In people with already weakened immunity, CMV can cause ongoing problems and may require long-term monitoring by a healthcare provider.